Recently, someone I know wanted an apology, and I coughed something up, trying to please her. It didn't feel authentic. She didn't like it and neither did I. I realize now that most times when social rules require an apology, I would prefer to offer something that meets my needs for connection, and the other person's needs for empathy and acknowledgment. So, I propose we do away with apologies altogether.
Why? Because apologies are a sorry-ass stand-in. At best, they're a thin euphemism for what people who are hurting really need. Emblematic of the disconnect required to "succeed" in this culture, they get us through the gateway of polite company, while leaving wounds unhealed, discussions unhad, feelings unacknowledged.
Quoted by my friend Joel, another cool Jew we know, Miki Kashtan, writes about how we get offered certain "privileges" as poor substitutes for basic human needs: comfort substitutes for pleasure and joy, security for community, success for a sense of purpose, productivity for creativity; the accumulation of wealth substitutes for freedom, and control replaces a sense of real power in the world. These privileges, we are told, are scarce, commodities which must be worked for and hoarded; but the real needs which they purport to replace seem so impossible to meet, and have gone so long unmet, that the privilege is all anyone can hope for. So we struggle ever more desperately to accumulate privilege, wreaking untold harm to others and to the planet, yet we are never satisfied because the needs remain.
One of the definitions of apology itself is "substitute," as in, this piece of foam is a poor apology for a bed. Recently I've been invited to apologize without being told what for, and as a condition of possible friendship. When I got beyond my initial rage at feeling like a rat in a maze, I began to explore the notion of apology, and what it might mean, should I discover the transgressions I was meant to apologize for, to issue such an apology. What I came up with was this:
Apology is a formality we rely on to acknowledge when we have hurt someone. Sometimes it meets human needs, sometimes it doesn't. Some situations are quite straightforward. I step on your foot. You say, “Ouch.” I say, “I’m sorry.” Simple enough, right? I didn’t mean to hurt you. In a way I recognize and understand, you let me know how I hurt you. In a way you recognize and understand, I say, “I’m sorry,” to let you know I acknowledge your pain, and wish I hadn’t caused it.
What if I don't then get off your foot? Suddenly the apology begins to ring hollow. You might think, She's not really sorry. But then what if we are piled on top of each other in a crowded bus, and I cannot move my foot? You might think, Sure, she's sorry, but she can't do anything about it. Or what if we are doing a yoga exercise we both agreed to that involves taking turns stepping on each other's feet? You might think, But I asked for this. I was just saying "Ouch" because it hurt, but I assumed it would because we were told it would.
What if, in any of the above situations, I said, Tell me about the pain. You begin to share: I feel like my bones are cracking, please help. No matter what the situation, I instinctively shift my weight as much as possible. Because I am tuned into your experience, and working with you to heal the damage.
Isn't that better than being sorry?
Like the substitutions above, apology, too, stands in for a more meaningful exchange, where we might really get what's going on with another person, touch their heart and give them empathy or help them in some way to meet their needs.
A formal apology from, say, a head of state, or someone in a public position, at its best says, I understand that what I did affected many of you adversely. I hear your pain. If I could undo it, I would. Sometimes the apology actually acknowledges and empathizes with those affected.
But many times, an apology simply serves political ends. Someone is expected to apologize, and so they do, but, like the other substitutions above, those affected come up short of empathy and acknowledgment.
Our culture is based on retributive justice: when a “perpetrator” does something to a “victim,” he’s “punished” because he “deserves” it. Retribution means a “wrong” act warrants a “punishment” to “make up for” what has gone “wrong.” Retribution seeks to reinstate balance through punishment. Executions typically show the faces and quote the words of those close to the families of the dead victims. The execution of the criminal is supposed to “help make up for” the families’ losses. Restorative justice, a movement to address human hurts in the deeper, more connected context I desire, has a completely different approach (I may be augmenting my mediator training to do restorative justice work in the near future--stay tuned!). And--surprise, surprise--restorative justice programs boast much lower recidivism rates than their retributive counterparts. Meaning, when "criminals" truly connect with their "victims," and empathize with their pain, they are far less likely to repeat the harmful behavior.
As part of my current drive to understand apology in this context, I read an interview with Marshall Rosenberg, who in other contexts has equated apology with doing violence. The reason he gave is that apology replaces connection and empathy with reference to right and wrong. It makes one person wrong, and the other right, and just like the rest of our retributive system, seeks to rectify the imbalance left by the wrong. This very powerful example, involving a prisoner apologizing for a rape and Marshall not letting him get away with it because "Apology is too easy," clearly illustrates for me the poverty of apology and its correlate, "taking responsibility." Not that these don't have their places, but when we treat them as if they exhaust the complexity of what goes on between two humans when one is hurt in response to another's actions, we miss some of the richest opportunities for the kind of healing, empathic connections that really allow people to move beyond their pain.
In an everyday interpersonal context, if I take responsibility and then attempt to move on in the conversation, I may have deprived someone of the opportunity to tell me how they feel. I’ve foreclosed what might have been a richer discussion by reducing it to an issue of right and wrong. I’m wrong, I’m responsible, I apologize, end of story.
The other day, when I was hosting the Coop (yes, I found a new toddler daycare coop, and I love it!), without thinking, I grabbed a handful of magic markers and gave them to the five tots to decorate Valentine's Day cards for their parents. One of the little girls (there are four girls plus Cainan) decorated approximately 10% of the surface of her body with black marker.
Too late, I realized with horror that it was permanent marker, and probably therefore toxic. I picked up her tiny body and explained that I was going to clean her. Frantic but calm, I found handcleaner in the utility room, and slathered her up and down with it. Again and again. Then I took her into the bathroom to wash off the heavily-scented, creamy hand cleaner. She remained calm as a full moon throughout it all.
When her dad arrived, I told him what happened. I said that I was not thinking when I brought the markers in, and that I would not let it happen again. He was unperturbed. If it were me, I would have been more scared and angry, but then I have stronger reactions to Cainan being exposed to foreign substances than some other parents do with their kids. He was pretty mellow. It was clear to me that I did something I wish I hadn't, it affected his child adversely, I was fully responsible, and I would take full responsibility for preventing it in the future. Pretty straightforward.
All of the above felt important to me to say. Why didn't "I'm sorry" get included? I think if the child's dad had gotten upset, I might have said "I'm sorry," but even then, that could be a substitute for, "I get what you're feeling--you are angry/hurt/scared because your deep need for your child's safety was not met." I think I would have preferred someone tune into me that way. Too often, I have uttered or heard "I'm sorry" on top of lots of anxiety on my own part, or someone else's part, because one of us couldn't deal with the other's feelings.
"I'm sorry" can mean "the conversation's over--I've done my part, now you're on your own with your feelings." It certainly doesn't mean the same thing as "Tell me more about how you're feeling," as anyone who's ever been on the other end of a shouted, "I'm SORRY, okay!?" knows all too well. Oh, and how about, "I SAID I was SORRY!" to reinforce that that is supposed to be the end of the conversation?
I might have met his and my own needs better to say, How did it feel to know I allowed your daughter to decorate herself with permanent marker? Are you afraid I might do something like that again in the future? I think I did say, Again, I want to reassure you that it won't happen again. He was so easygoing, I perhaps needn't have, but I really did want him to know I was looking out for her welfare.
As another example, I spent many years finding fault with my biological family. I didn’t even try to have them guess what they needed to apologize for—I spelled it out for them. Forget apology--I would have settled for a single sentence that contained something remotely relevant to anything I had said to them. Dialogue. An adult conversation. Still, I got nothing.
I remember talking to Baruch, a man closer to my parents' age than my age, about wanting them to acknowledge how they had hurt me, and feeling pretty righteous about it. I still remember the tone in his voice as he responded to me, if not the exact words. Baruch, who has a Master's in Divinity and is one of the most beautiful people I have ever met, said, If you want someone to repent, to confess their sins to you, you might be waiting an awfully long time. The tone was one of a wise master warning his protégé about meandering down a path that would not bring the desired result. The conversation came back to me many times, as I imagined this huge-hearted person and the way he would hold others in compassion in contrast to my own attempts to elicit apologies.
Years went by. And more years. And then I began to work on forgiveness. And acceptance. Now, I can no more imagine trying to extract an apology from my parents than getting them to do handsprings. Besides, an apology means, I did something wrong to you and I wish I hadn’t. I’ve had apologies; they don’t hold much, or have much staying power.
What I would like is connection. For them to hear how sad I have been not to have been in contact with them all these years. How deeply I need family, and how sad I am that Cainan still has not met his only grandfather. And a big part of me would like to say, I am sorry. Or rather, I feel sad about how I behaved toward you, because it clearly did not meet your needs for respect or safety. I wish to treat you in a way that you can tell you are respected and safe, I'd like you to tell me what would meet your needs in that regard.
I know someone who reconnected with her ex, even though technically her ex owes her tens of thousands of dollars. She decided she would rather have love than an apology, rather be happy than right, rather have connection than an I.O.U. I may have gotten some of the details wrong, but the outlines of the story are a parable for me: as Alex reminds me, you can be right, or you can be happy. If you owe me an apology, I will remain right. I'm deciding right now to be happy.
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